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Polymorphism in PHP with Example

Polymorphism in PHP is one of the important concept in OOPs.

Polymorphism is a Greek word. Polymorphism is created by two different words poly (means many) and morph (means forms).

It is another functionality of OOPS. In programming language two types of Polymorphism are there.

Function overriding (Run time Polymorphism)
Function Overloading(Compile time Polymorphism)

Function Overriding in PHP

Overriding is happened only in child class.

If parent class declares a function and child class wants to override parent class function then function overriding means run time polymorphism happened.

Polymorphism example in PHP

Here are are taking a simple example.

Created a class parentclass it has a method name().

created another class childclass it inherits the feature of parentclass.

child class has also the same method name().

Defining the same method in child is know as method overriding.

<?php

class parentclass {

    function name() {
        return 'Calling Parent name()';
    }

}

class childclass extends parentclass {

    function name() {
        return 'Calling Child name()';
    }

}

$obj = new childclass();
echo $obj->name();
echo '<hr>';
$arrobj = array();
$arrobj[0] = new parentclass;
$arrobj[1] = new childclass;
foreach ($arrobj as $key => $val) {
    echo $val->name();
    echo "<br> ";
}
//It called child function instead of parent function
?>

<?php

class parentclass {

function name() {

return 'Calling Parent name()';

}

class childclass extends parentclass {

function name() {

return 'Calling Child name()';

}

$obj = new childclass();

echo $obj->name();

echo '<hr>';

$arrobj = array();

$arrobj[0] = new parentclass;

$arrobj[1] = new childclass;

foreach ($arrobj as $key => $val) {

echo $val->name();

echo "<br> ";

}

//It called child function instead of parent function

Output

 
Calling show method of Shape
Shape is no defined
Calling show method of Circle
Showing a Circle
Calling show method of Rectangle
Showing a Rectangle
Calling show method of Square
Showing a Square
Calling show method of Triangle
Showing a Triangle

Polymorphism example to call different methods in PHP

Here we have taken example of Shapes.

Shape is a base class with a method show().

Child classes of Shape are Circle, Rectangle, Square and Triangle.

all have a over ridden method show().

<?php

class Shape {

    function show() {
        echo 'Shape is no defined<br/>';
    }

}

class Circle {

    function show() {
        echo 'Showing a Circle<br/>';
    }

}

class Rectangle {

    function show() {
        echo 'Showing a Rectangle<br/>';
    }

}

class Square {

    function show() {
        echo 'Showing a Square<br/>';
    }

}

class Triangle {

    function show() {
        echo 'Showing a Triangle<br/>';
    }

}

//creating Shape object
$objShape = new Shape();
//calling Shape method with shape object
echo ' Calling show method of Shape<br/>';
$objShape->show();

//creating Circle object
$objCircle = new Circle();
//calling Circle method with shape object
echo ' Calling show method of Circle</br>';
$objCircle->show();

//creating Rectangle object
$objRectangle = new Rectangle();
//calling Rectangle method with shape object
echo ' Calling show method of Rectangle</br>';
$objRectangle->show();


//creating Square object
$objSquare = new Square();
//calling Square method with shape object
echo ' Calling show method of Square</br>';
$objSquare->show();

$objTriangle = new Triangle();
//calling show method with shape object
echo ' Calling show method of Triangle</br>';
$objTriangle->show();
?>

<?php

class Shape {

function show() {

echo 'Shape is no defined<br/>';

}

class Circle {

function show() {

echo 'Showing a Circle<br/>';

}

class Rectangle {

function show() {

echo 'Showing a Rectangle<br/>';

}

class Square {

function show() {

echo 'Showing a Square<br/>';

}

class Triangle {

function show() {

echo 'Showing a Triangle<br/>';

}

//creating Shape object

$objShape = new Shape();

//calling Shape method with shape object

echo ' Calling show method of Shape<br/>';

$objShape->show();

//creating Circle object

$objCircle = new Circle();

//calling Circle method with shape object

echo ' Calling show method of Circle</br>';

$objCircle->show();

//creating Rectangle object

$objRectangle = new Rectangle();

//calling Rectangle method with shape object

echo ' Calling show method of Rectangle</br>';

$objRectangle->show();

//creating Square object

$objSquare = new Square();

//calling Square method with shape object

echo ' Calling show method of Square</br>';

$objSquare->show();

$objTriangle = new Triangle();

//calling show method with shape object

echo ' Calling show method of Triangle</br>';

$objTriangle->show();

Output

 
Calling show method of Shape
Shape is no defined
Calling show method of Circle
Showing a Circle
Calling show method of Rectangle
Showing a Rectangle
Calling show method of Square
Showing a Square
Calling show method of Triangle
Showing a Triangle

PHP Inheritance

How to fetch image from database in PHP and display in table

Fetching image from database in PHP and display in table is similar to fetch any data from database and show in HTML Table.

We generally store image at server and its path on database table.

We are considering an example of products to demonstrate the purpose.

Steps to fetch images and data from database is as below

Create MySql Database table
Upload image and store data in database table using PHP
Fetch image and data from database using PHP

1 Create MySql Database Table

For this we have create a table product in ebhor database.

CREATE TABLE product 
  ( 
     id       BIGINT(10) UNSIGNED NOT NULL auto_increment, 
     name     VARCHAR(100) NOT NULL, 
     price    DECIMAL(10, 2) NOT NULL, 
     category VARCHAR(100) NOT NULL, 
     image    VARCHAR(100) NOT NULL, 
     adddate  TIMESTAMP DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP, 
     PRIMARY KEY (id) 
  ) 
engine=innodb 
DEFAULT charset=utf8

CREATE TABLE product

(

id BIGINT(10) UNSIGNED NOT NULL auto_increment,

name VARCHAR(100) NOT NULL,

price DECIMAL(10, 2) NOT NULL,

category VARCHAR(100) NOT NULL,

image VARCHAR(100) NOT NULL,

adddate TIMESTAMP DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP,

PRIMARY KEY (id)

)

engine=innodb

DEFAULT charset=utf8

2 Upload image and store data in database table using PHP

Uploading images and data are not discussed here.

After uploading images and data our product table will look like this.

We are providing above data for copy and create your database

INSERT INTO `product` 
            (`id`, 
             `name`, 
             `price`, 
             `category`, 
             `image`, 
             `adddate`) 
VALUES      (1, 
             'Television', 
             '15000.00', 
             'Electronics', 
             'https://www.ebhor.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/tv-min.jpg', 
             '2020-12-30 06:45:34'), 
            (2, 
             'Mobile', 
             '12000.00', 
             'Electronics', 
'https://www.ebhor.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/mobile-min-683x1024.jpg', 
'2020-12-30 06:46:40'), 
            (3, 
             'Headphone', 
             '2000.00', 
             'Electronics', 
'https://www.ebhor.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/headphone-min.jpg', 
'2020-12-30 06:47:33'), 
            (4, 
             'Camera', 
             '60000.00', 
             'Electronics', 
             'https://www.ebhor.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/camera-min.jpg', 
             '2020-12-30 06:48:10');

INSERT INTO `product`

(`id`,

`name`,

`price`,

`category`,

`image`,

`adddate`)

VALUES (1,

'Television',

'15000.00',

'Electronics',

'https://www.ebhor.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/tv-min.jpg',

'2020-12-30 06:45:34'),

(2,

'Mobile',

'12000.00',

'Electronics',

'https://www.ebhor.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/mobile-min-683x1024.jpg',

'2020-12-30 06:46:40'),

(3,

'Headphone',

'2000.00',

'Electronics',

'https://www.ebhor.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/headphone-min.jpg',

'2020-12-30 06:47:33'),

(4,

'Camera',

'60000.00',

'Electronics',

'https://www.ebhor.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/camera-min.jpg',

'2020-12-30 06:48:10');

Here Image column contains the url where image is uploded.

You can learn more about PHP and MySql.

3 Fetch image and data from database using PHP

As you already seen images are stored in server file system and its path is stored in database.

To access data from database we can use either Procedural way using mysqli or PDO or object oriented way.

we will consider here procedural way to access data.

This is a simple PHP MySql select statment.

Steps to access mysql database with PHP

Connect PHP with MySql using mysqli_connect("localhost", "root", "", "ebhor"); localhost means database is in same system, username is root, password is “” and ebhor is database name.
check connection established or not if $connect==false means connection is not established.
Create a query and pass it to mysqli_query(.....)
It will return result in $result.
if there are results then iterate each row and print in tabular format

<?php

//connect to mysql server with username password and database name
$connect = mysqli_connect("localhost", "root", "", "ebhor");

// Check connection
if ($connect === false) {
    die("Opps Unable to connect " . mysqli_connect_error());
}

// create query to select data
$sql = "SELECT * FROM product";
if ($result = mysqli_query($connect, $sql)) {
    if (mysqli_num_rows($result) > 0) {
        echo '<table border="1px">';
        echo "<tr>";
        echo "<th>Product Name</th>";
        echo "<th>Price (INR)</th>";
        echo "<th>Category</th>";
        echo "<th>Image</th>";
        echo "</tr>";
        while ($row = mysqli_fetch_array($result)) {
            echo "<tr>";
            echo "<td>" . $row['name'] . "</td>";
            echo "<td>" . $row['price'] . "</td>";
            echo "<td>" . $row['category'] . "</td>";
            echo "<td>" . "<img src=".$row['image'].' width=100px height="100px">' . "</td>";
            echo "</tr>";
        }
        echo "</table>";
        // Free result set
        mysqli_free_result($result);
    } else {
        echo "No records found";
    }
} else {
    echo "ERROR: Could not able to execute $sql. " . mysqli_error($connect);
}

// Close connection
mysqli_close($connect);
?>

<?php

//connect to mysql server with username password and database name

$connect = mysqli_connect("localhost", "root", "", "ebhor");

// Check connection

if ($connect === false) {

die("Opps Unable to connect " . mysqli_connect_error());

}

// create query to select data

$sql = "SELECT * FROM product";

if ($result = mysqli_query($connect, $sql)) {

if (mysqli_num_rows($result) > 0) {

echo '<table border="1px">';

echo "<tr>";

echo "<th>Product Name</th>";

echo "<th>Price (INR)</th>";

echo "<th>Category</th>";

echo "<th>Image</th>";

echo "</tr>";

while ($row = mysqli_fetch_array($result)) {

echo "<tr>";

echo "<td>" . $row['name'] . "</td>";

echo "<td>" . $row['price'] . "</td>";

echo "<td>" . $row['category'] . "</td>";

echo "<td>" . "<img src=".$row['image'].' width=100px height="100px">' . "</td>";

echo "</tr>";

}

echo "</table>";

// Free result set

mysqli_free_result($result);

} else {

echo "No records found";

}

} else {

echo "ERROR: Could not able to execute $sql. " . mysqli_error($connect);

}

// Close connection

mysqli_close($connect);

By iterating mysqli_fetch_array($result) we are fetching row one by one and showing in tabular format.

To fetch image from url we use HTML tag <img src =""> as below

<img src="$row['image'].' width=100px height=" 100px"="">

1	<img src="$row['image'].' width=100px height=" 100px"="">

Resources:

Photo by Pok Rie from Pexels
Image by ADMC from Pixabay
Photo by C D-X on Unsplash
Photo by ATC Comm Photo from Pexels

How to remove special characters from string in PHP

Characters other than alphabet [A-Za-z] and digits [0-9] are known as special characters like symbols & ^ % @.

Removing special characters from PHP string is very easy by using php library functions like

preg_replace()
str_replace()

Lets see them one by one

Using preg_replace() to remove special characters from string in PHP

PHP provides preg_replace() functions to remove special characters from string.

Lets see how to remove special characters from string in PHP using Examples.

Example: remove special characters from string in PHP.

<?php
$str = "Hello How are you $##%% friends";
echo $str.'<br/>';
$str1= preg_replace('/[^A-Za-z0-9 ]/', '', $str);
echo $str1;
?>

<?php

$str = "Hello How are you $##%% friends";

echo $str.'<br/>';

$str1= preg_replace('/[^A-Za-z0-9 ]/', '', $str);

echo $str1;

Output

Hello How are you $##%% friends
Hello How are you friends

1 2	Hello How are you $##%% friends Hello How are you friends

Here preg_replace() is used for regular expression search and replace the string.

Syntax of preg_replace is

`preg_replace($pattern, $replacement, $string)`

$pattern: regular expression to find in string

$replacement: $pattern will be replaced by this

$string: The string on which we will find pattern and replace it.

Example: Remove special characters from string in PHP.

<?php
$str = "Hello How are you $##%% friends";
echo $str.'<br/>';
$str1= preg_replace('/[^A-Za-z0-9 ]/', '', $str);
echo $str1;
?>

<?php

$str = "Hello How are you $##%% friends";

echo $str.'<br/>';

$str1= preg_replace('/[^A-Za-z0-9 ]/', '', $str);

echo $str1;

Output

Hello How are you $##%% friends
Hello How are you friends

1 2	Hello How are you $##%% friends Hello How are you friends

In above example

preg_replace('/[^A-Za-z0-9 ]/', '', $str);

Here $pattern is regular expression that specifies.

Consider A-Z and a-Z and 0-9 characters and a space (” “) in $str string.

Other then this replace any character with ”.

Example: Remove special characters except ! and . from string in PHP.

<?php

$str = "Hello! How are you $##%% friends.";
echo $str.'<br/>';
$str1= preg_replace('/[^A-Za-z0-9!. ]/', '', $str);

echo $str1;
?>

<?php

$str = "Hello! How are you $##%% friends.";

echo $str.'<br/>';

$str1= preg_replace('/[^A-Za-z0-9!. ]/', '', $str);

echo $str1;

Output

Hello! How are you $##%% friends.
Hello! How are you friends.

1 2	Hello! How are you $##%% friends. Hello! How are you friends.

In above example two special characters are part of string ! and . we dont want to remove these two special characters for that we have included these two characters in pattern.

Using str_replace to remove special characters from PHP String

Syntax of str_replace is

str_replace($search, $replace, $string); str_replace($search, $replace, $string, $count)

$search: The character or string you want to search on $string

$replace: $search will be replaced with $replace

$string: on given string we will apply search and replace

$count: Keep record of how many replacement performed.

Example: PHP program to remove special characters from string except dot

<?php

$str = "Hello! How are you $##%% friends.";
echo $str . "<br/>";

$spchar = array("!", "@", "#", "$", "%", "^", "&", "*", "(", ")", ",", "/", "{", "}", "[", "]");
$str1 = str_replace($spchar, "", $str);
echo $str1;
?>

<?php

$str = "Hello! How are you $##%% friends.";

echo $str . "<br/>";

$spchar = array("!", "@", "#", "$", "%", "^", "&", "*", "(", ")", ",", "/", "{", "}", "[", "]");

$str1 = str_replace($spchar, "", $str);

echo $str1;

Output

Hello! How are you $##%% friends.
Hello How are you friends.

1 2	Hello! How are you $##%% friends. Hello How are you friends.

In above example we have created a character array of special characters and we want to replace with “”.

Result of str_replace() is stored in $str1.

Removing html elements from PHP string

<?php
$str = "Hello  &bsp; >  < How are you friends.";
echo $str . "<br/>";

$str1 = preg_replace("/&#?[a-z0-9]{2,8};/i","",$str); 
echo $str1;

?>

<?php

$str = "Hello &bsp; > < How are you friends.";

echo $str . "<br/>";

$str1 = preg_replace("/&#?[a-z0-9]{2,8};/i","",$str);

echo $str1;

Output

Hello &bsp; > < How are you friends.
Hello How are you friends.

1 2	Hello &bsp; > < How are you friends. Hello How are you friends.

In above example there are three html elements values showing as a part of string &bsp; > <

To remove this we used preg_replace("/&#?[a-z0-9]{2,8};/i","",$str);

This regular expression is taken from StackOverFlow

Removing comma and currency symbol from PHP String

Removing comma from currency

<?php

$str = "INR 20,400";
echo $str . "<br/>";

$str1 = str_replace(",", "", $str);
echo $str1;
?>

<?php

$str = "INR 20,400";

echo $str . "<br/>";

$str1 = str_replace(",", "", $str);

echo $str1;

Output

INR 20,400
INR 20400

1 2	INR 20,400 INR 20400

Removing comma (,) and currency symbol from PHP string currency

<?php

$str = "INR 20,400";
echo $str . "<br/>";
$replace=array(",","INR");
$str1 = str_replace($replace, "", $str);
echo $str1;
?>

<?php

$str = "INR 20,400";

echo $str . "<br/>";

$replace=array(",","INR");

$str1 = str_replace($replace, "", $str);

echo $str1;

Output

INR 20,400
20400

1 2	INR 20,400 20400

Using preg_replace() to remove currency symbol.

<?php
$str = "$ 20,400";
echo $str . "<br/>";
$str1 = preg_replace('/[^0-9]/s', "", $str);
echo $str1;
?>

<?php

$str = "$ 20,400";

echo $str . "<br/>";

$str1 = preg_replace('/[^0-9]/s', "", $str);

echo $str1;

Output

$ 20,400
20400

1 2	$ 20,400 20400

If you want to remove only currency symbol and dont want to remove comma (,) then you can use following regular expression with preg_replace().

preg_replace('/[^0-9,]/s', "", $str);

PHP String

String means set of characters or letters or combination in single or double quotes. Like ‘PHP Language’.

If you placed the number in the single quote or double quotes it’s also a string. Like ‘12345’.

Similarly, special characters symbol whatever if you write it in the single or double quote it’s become a string.

In PHP a single letter or character also a string. Like ‘A’

Creating and accessing String

In PHP language whatever you write in a code with a single or double quotation, it creates the string.

To declare a string always use the quotation, if you forget to mention quotes give you an error.

Syntax of String

<?php

$str = "Hello World!";
echo $str;  // It returns the  value of $str means Hello World!
echo "<br/>";
echo gettype($str); //It returns the datatype of $str means string
?>

<?php

$str = "Hello World!";

echo $str; // It returns the value of $str means Hello World!

echo "<br/>";

echo gettype($str); //It returns the datatype of $str means string

Note: gettype() is a predefine PHP function which used to know the datatype of any variable. In this above example gettype() function return string.

Example

<?php
$var = 'PHP is a very good language and easy to learn';
$var2 = " And it supports many other languages like HTML, CSS, JAVASCRIPT and so on.";
echo $var, $var2;
?>

<?php

$var = 'PHP is a very good language and easy to learn';

$var2 = " And it supports many other languages like HTML, CSS, JAVASCRIPT and so on.";

echo $var, $var2;

Output

PHP is a very good language and easy to learn And it supports many other languages like HTML, CSS, JAVASCRIPT and so on.

Explanation
You can write a string with single quotes or double quotes both are equal. In above example $var and $var2 both hold string value.

Another Syntax of String:

<?php

echo "I'd buy myself"; //output  I’d buy myself
$sum = 2 + 4;
echo 'Sum of 2 & 4 is $sum'; //output Sum of 2 & 4 is $sum
echo "Sum of 2 & 4 is $sum"; //output Sum of 2  4 is 6
echo "Result is <font size = ’4’color=’RED’-->$sum"; // output Result is 6
?>

<?php

echo "I'd buy myself"; //output I’d buy myself

$sum = 2 + 4;

echo 'Sum of 2 & 4 is $sum'; //output Sum of 2 & 4 is $sum

echo "Sum of 2 & 4 is $sum"; //output Sum of 2 4 is 6

echo "Result is <font size = ’4’color=’RED’-->$sum"; // output Result is 6

Explanation

In the first example, we want to print I’d buy myself, in this case, we never declare this string with the single quote because in the original value there has a single quote already.

Means in PHP language you never used the same type of quotes so start with the double quote.

In the second example, it returns Sum of 2 & 4 is $sum because we declare the string with single quote and variable also treated as a string in the single quote so it’s can’t return the value of $sum.

So never used the variable in a single quote but in the third example, we receive the value of $sum because double quote treats a variable like a variable so we can receive the value of any variable, not the variable name.

And in the fourth example, we used two type of quotation to declare a string. Because above example, we need to use nested quotes under the main quotes.

And in PHP language does not support the same type of quotes as a nested quote.

So in this type of case start with the single quote and used the double quote as a nested quote or start with double quotes and used the single quote as a nested quote.

If you don’t maintain these things PHP gives you an error.

Avoiding the single quote double quote complexity you also used escape sequences (\). PHP used \ symbols as an escape sequence.
Using this escape sequence you also rewrite those strings like this,

Syntax of String with \:

<?php
 
   $sum = 2 + 4;
   echo "Result is <font size=\”4\”color=\”RED\”-->$sum"; // output Result is 6
 ?>

<?php

$sum = 2 + 4;

echo "Result is <font size=\”4\”color=\”RED\”-->$sum"; // output Result is 6

Another way to Create String (HereDoc):
In complicated cases, you need to create the large string.

And there you have to follow all rules of quotation or escape sequence to avoid error.

In PHP here has a new way to write the complex string with the simple manner.
3.1 Syntax of HereDoc:

<?php

$msg = "Hello World";
$str1 = <<<EOF

This is another way
of showing <FONT COLOR = "RED" --> String Delimiters
The value is $msg
EOF;
echo "$str1";
 ?>

<?php

$msg = "Hello World";

$str1 = <<<EOF

This is another way

of showing <FONT COLOR = "RED" --> String Delimiters

The value is $msg

EOF;

echo "$str1";

Output

This is another way of showing String Delimiters The value is Hello World
This is another way of showing String Delimiters The value is Hello World

Explanation
<<< is a heredoc symbol. After <<< symbol an identifier is provided, then a new line.

Then you write your string and complete the string the same identifier again to close.

The closing identifier must be same as beginning in the first line and the identifier must follow the same case.

Identifier only starts with character or string or underscore (_) means it must contain only alphanumeric characters.

In above example, EOF and tutorial are the identifiers.

String functions in PHP- uses and examples

Now list some String functions in PHP to handle and manipulate string in PHP.

All functions explained are inbuilt PHP functions also known as predefined string functions in PHP.

These functions are defined during creation of PHP.

sterlen() Length of String

sterlen() function is used to get the entire length of the string. If there is space in between two words then it will count that space as well.

<?php
Echo strlen(“India”);
?>

<?php

Echo strlen(“India”);

Result:

5

<?php
   echo strlen("Hello world!");  
  ?>

<?php

echo strlen("Hello world!");

Result:

12

str_word_count() -Word Count

str_word_count() function will give you the exact number of words that a string have.

<?php
echo str_word_count(“ Paris is beautiful city”);
?>

<?php

echo str_word_count(“ Paris is beautiful city”);

Result:

4

<?php
	$s =" GOOD DAY MISS MOLLY! ";
	$res =str_word_count($s);
	echo $res; 
?>

<?php

$s =" GOOD DAY MISS MOLLY! ";

$res =str_word_count($s);

echo $res;

Result:

4

strrev() -String Reverse

strrev() function is used to reverse the entire string.

<?php
Echo strrev(“paris”);
?>

<?php

Echo strrev(“paris”);

<?php
   echo strrev("Hello world!"); 
?>

<?php

echo strrev("Hello world!");

Result:

!dlrow olleH

1	!dlrow olleH

trim() -String Remove

Remove whitespace (or other characters) from the beginning and end of a string

<?php
$text   = "   These are a few words :) ...  ";
echo $text; 
echo "<br/>";
$res=trim($text," "); 
echo $res; 
?>

<?php

$text = " These are a few words :) ... ";

echo $text;

echo "<br/>";

$res=trim($text," ");

echo $res;

Output

These are a few words :) ... 
 These are a few words :) ...

1 2	These are a few words :) ... These are a few words :) ...

Another example

<?php
$str = "I am using Trim";
 echo $str; 
 echo "<br/>";
 $without_space = rtrim($str,"im");
 echo $without_space; 
?>

<?php

$str = "I am using Trim";

echo $str;

echo "<br/>";

$without_space = rtrim($str,"im");

echo $without_space;

 I am using Trim
 I am using Tr

1 2	I am using Trim I am using Tr

ltrim() => Remove whitespace (or other characters) from the beginning of a string
rtrim() => Remove whitespace (or other characters) from the end of a string

ucfirst()- Convert first letter into uppercase

convert first letter into uppercase of any string

<?php
        $value = "john smith";
	echo ucfirst($value); 
?>

<?php

$value = "john smith";

echo ucfirst($value);

John smith

1	John smith

strtoupper() -to upper case

This function converts the string in upper case

<?php
$s="good day miss molly!";
$r=strtoupper($s);
echo $r;
?>

<?php

$s="good day miss molly!";

$r=strtoupper($s);

echo $r;

GOOD DAY MISS MOLLY!

1	GOOD DAY MISS MOLLY!

strtolower() -Converts string to lowercase

convert whole string into lowercase

<?php
$s="GOOD DAY MISS MOLLY!";
$r=strtolower($s);
echo $r;
?>

<?php

$s="GOOD DAY MISS MOLLY!";

$r=strtolower($s);

echo $r;

 good day miss molly!

1	good day miss molly!

chr() -Return character from ASCII code

returns any character or letter and also special character from their equivalent ASCII Code

<?php
      echo chr(65); 
?>

<?php

echo chr(65);

A

implode() -array to string

Implode function combine all array element with a string

<?php
$arr=array(10,20,35, 'aaa',99, 'ccc');
echo "<h1>Array</h1><br>";
print_r ($arr);
print "  ";
$string=implode(" ",$arr);

<?php

$arr=array(10,20,35, 'aaa',99, 'ccc');

echo "<h1>Array</h1><br>";

print_r ($arr);

print " ";

$string=implode(" ",$arr);

String- convert to string

<?php
<?php
$arr=array(10,20,35, 'aaa',99, 'ccc');
echo "<h1>Array</h1><br>";
print_r ($arr);
print "  ";
$string=implode(" ",$arr);
print "<br/>";
echo $string; 
?>

?>

<?php

$arr=array(10,20,35, 'aaa',99, 'ccc');

echo "<h1>Array</h1><br>";

print_r ($arr);

print " ";

$string=implode(" ",$arr);

print "<br/>";

echo $string;

Output

Array

Array ( [0] => 10 [1] => 20 [2] => 35 [3] => aaa [4] => 99 [5] => ccc )
10 20 35 aaa 99 ccc

Array

Array ( [0] => 10 [1] => 20 [2] => 35 [3] => aaa [4] => 99 [5] => ccc )

10 20 35 aaa 99 ccc

explode() -string to an array

Explode function split a string and return all value into an array.

<?php
$s="c,c++,java,HTML";
echo "<h1>STRING</h1>";
echo $s; //output 
print "<hr/>";
$arr=explode(",",$s);
print_r($arr);
?>

<?php

$s="c,c++,java,HTML";

echo "<h1>STRING</h1>";

echo $s; //output

print "<hr/>";

$arr=explode(",",$s);

print_r($arr);

Array- String to array conversion

STRING
<?php
$arr = array('c','cpp','java','php');
echo implode(" ",$arr);
?>

STRING

<?php

$arr = array('c','cpp','java','php');

echo implode(" ",$arr);

Output

c cpp java php

1	c cpp java php

strpos() -find the text position in string

strpos() function is used to find the particular text in a string.

If while searching in the string it founds the text, then it will give the position of that word in first search match or if the particular text is not found then it will return FALSE value.

Also first position of any character in string is 0 not 1.

<?php
echo strpos("paris is beautiful city", "city");
?>

<?php

echo strpos("paris is beautiful city", "city");

Result:

19

str_replace() -Replace string

str_replace() function is used to replace some characters that are there in the strings.

Example:

<?php
echo str_replace("Paris", "London", "Paris is beautiful city");
?>

<?php

echo str_replace("Paris", "London", "Paris is beautiful city");

Result

London is beautiful city

1	London is beautiful city

PHP while loop syntax and example

While loop in PHP is also used for repeating statements in PHP.

PHP while loop check for condition if condition is true then code inside body of loop is get executed.

while – As long conditions is true, it loop back again and again through block of code.

Syntax:
while (condition is true) {
code to be executed;
}

Example: Write a program to use while loop in PHP.

<?php
$a = 11;
while($a <= 3) {
   echo "The number is: $a <br/>";
   $a++;
} 
?>

<?php

$a = 11;

while($a <= 3) {

echo "The number is: $a <br/>";

$a++;

}

The increment and decrement while loop count variable can used only inside loop.

Like here $a++ is used to increment the value of $a.

programmer has to take care of this otherwise while loop will be infinite.

Result:

The number is: 11
The number is: 12
The number is: 13

PHP Form Handling with Examples

PHP Form method is used to sending data from browser to server.

Two types of methods are there GET and POST.

$_GET and $_POST are used to receive value from the form method.

$_GET and $_POST are the global variables so declare it with uppercase otherwise this will not work.

Syntax of GET Method in PHP:

<?php
	$var = $_GET['username']; // receive particular input field value from its name  attribute.  
	echo $var;
?>
<form action="" method="get"><input name="username" type="text"> <input type="submit" value="Submit"></form>

<?php

$var = $_GET['username']; // receive particular input field value from its name attribute.

echo $var;

Output:
Bill

Syntax of POST Method in PHP:

<?php
	$var = $_POST['username']; // receive particular input field value from its name  attribute.  
	echo $var;
?>
<form action="" method="post"><input name="username" type="text"> <input type="submit" value="Submit"></form>

<?php

$var = $_POST['username']; // receive particular input field value from its name attribute.

echo $var;

Output:
Bill

Note: by default form method is get.

If any user does not declare method attribute in the form tag then value send by getting method automatically.

If any users declare form method attribute value post and receive value in the server using $_GET variable then it does not work same as vice versa.

Get and Post method both are same and used for the same purpose but there has some difference.

Html/Text Response from PHP

Sending any kind of data from the form all go as a string type.

Program: PHP Program to submit user details in PHP form and show in PHP HTML table format.

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
    <head>
        <title>Submit User details in PHP</title>
    </head>
    <body>
        <?php
        if (isset($_POST['submit'])) {
            $skill = implode(",", $_POST['userskill']);
            echo "<center><h2>User information</h2></center>";
            echo "<center>";
            echo "<table border = '1px' cellpadding = '4'>
              <tr>
                 <td>Name</td>
                 <td>Address</td>
                 <td>Phone</td>
                 <td>Gender</td>
                 <td>Qualification</td>
                 <td>Skill</td>
                 <td>Email Id</td>
                 <td>Password</td>
              </tr>
             <tr>";
            echo "<td>$_POST[username]</td>";
            echo "<td>$_POST[useraddress]</td>";
            echo "<td>$_POST[userphone]</td>";
            echo "<td>$_POST[usergender]</td>";
            echo "<td>$_POST[userqualification]</td>";
            echo "<td>$skill</td>";
            echo "<td>$_POST[usermail]</td>";
            echo "<td>$_POST[userpassword]</td>";
            echo "</tr>";
            echo "</table>";
            echo "</center><br/>";
        }
        ?>
    <center>
        <form action = "" enctype = "html/text" method = "post">
            <table border = "1" width = "500" cellspacing = "0" cellpadding = "15">
                <tbody>
                    <tr>
                        <td>Name -</td>
                        <td><input name = "username" required = "" type = "text"></td>
                    </tr>
                    <tr>
                        <td>Address -</td>
                        <td><textarea name = "useraddress" rows = "8"></textarea></td>
                    </tr>
                    <tr>
                        <td>Phone -</td>
                        <td><input name = "userphone" required = "" type = "number"></td>
                    </tr>
                    <tr>
                        <td>Gender -</td>
                        <td><input name = "usergender" type = "radio" value = "Male">Male <input name = "usergender" type = "radio" value = "Female">Female</td>
                    </tr>
                    <tr>
                        <td>Qualification -</td>
                        <td><select name = "userqualification">
                                <option disabled = "disabled" selected = "selected">Select Last Qualification</option>
                                <option>10+</option>
                                <option>12+</option>
                                <option>Diploma</option>
                                <option>B.Tech</option>
                                <option>M.Tech</option>
                                <option>MBA</option>
                            </select></td>
                    </tr>
                    <tr>
                        <td>Skill -</td>
                        <td><input name = "userskill[]" type = "checkbox" value = "C">C <input name = "userskill[]" type = "checkbox" value = "Java">Java <input name = "userskill[]" type = "checkbox" value = "PHP">PHP</td>
                    </tr>
                    <tr>
                        <td>EmailId -</td>
                        <td><input name = "usermail" required = "" type = "email"></td>
                    </tr>
                    <tr>
                        <td>Password -</td>
                        <td><input name = "userpassword" required = "" type = "password"></td>
                    </tr>
                    <tr>
                        <td colspan = "2" align = "right">
                            <input name = "submit" type = "submit" value = "Submit"><input type = "reset" value = "Reset">
                        </td>
                    </tr>
                </tbody>
            </table>
        </form>
    </center>
</body>
</html>

<!DOCTYPE html>

<html>

<head>

<title>Submit User details in PHP</title>

</head>

<body>

<?php

if (isset($_POST['submit'])) {

$skill = implode(",", $_POST['userskill']);

echo "<center><h2>User information</h2></center>";

echo "<center>";

echo "<table border = '1px' cellpadding = '4'>

<tr>

<td>Address</td>

<td>Phone</td>

<td>Gender</td>

<td>Qualification</td>

<td>Skill</td>

<td>Email Id</td>

<td>Password</td>

</tr>

<tr>";

echo "<td>$_POST[username]</td>";

echo "<td>$_POST[useraddress]</td>";

echo "<td>$_POST[userphone]</td>";

echo "<td>$_POST[usergender]</td>";

echo "<td>$_POST[userqualification]</td>";

echo "<td>$skill</td>";

echo "<td>$_POST[usermail]</td>";

echo "<td>$_POST[userpassword]</td>";

echo "</tr>";

echo "</table>";

echo "</center><br/>";

}

<tbody>

<tr>

</tr>

<tr>

<td>Address -</td>

</tr>

<tr>

<td>Phone -</td>

</tr>

<tr>

<td>Gender -</td>

<td><input name = "usergender" type = "radio" value = "Male">Male <input name = "usergender" type = "radio" value = "Female">Female</td>

</tr>

<tr>

<td>Qualification -</td>

<option disabled = "disabled" selected = "selected">Select Last Qualification</option>

<option>Diploma</option>

</select></td>

</tr>

<tr>

<td>Skill -</td>

</tr>

<tr>

<td>EmailId -</td>

</tr>

<tr>

<td>Password -</td>

</tr>

<tr>

</td>

</tr>

</tbody>

</table>

</form>

</center>

</body>

</html>

Output

Send JSON Response from PHP Form

JSON is another way to use for exchange data format between web client and server.

Enabling HTML forms to submit JSON directly simplifies implementation as it enables backend services to operate by accepting a single input format that is what’s more able to encode richer structure than other form encodings (where the structure has traditional had to be emulated).

Form’s type attribute value set application/ json to transmit JSON data from the form.

Example: Form submit in php to send user details and get PHP JSON response.

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
    <head>
        <title>Getting JSON response from PHP</title>
    </head>
    <body>
        <?php
        if (isset($_GET['name'])) {
            $name = $_GET['name'];
            $phone = $_GET['phone'];
            $userinfo = ['name' => $name, 'phone' => $phone];
            echo json_encode($userinfo);
        }
        ?>
    <center>
        <form action="" enctype="application/json">
            <h2>Enter your details</h2>
            <input name="name" type="text" value="Bender"> 
            <input name="phone" type="text" value="9126543456"> 
            <input type="submit">
        </form>
    </center>
</body>
</html>

<!DOCTYPE html>

<html>

<head>

<title>Getting JSON response from PHP</title>

</head>

<body>

<?php

if (isset($_GET['name'])) {

$name = $_GET['name'];

$phone = $_GET['phone'];

$userinfo = ['name' => $name, 'phone' => $phone];

echo json_encode($userinfo);

}

<h2>Enter your details</h2>

</form>

</center>

</body>

</html>

Output

Explanation:
By default input type is text.

Value send from the form by method and json_encode is a function which exchanges PHP server data into JSON format.

Example: How to Upload an Image in PHP

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
    <head>
        <title>Getting JSON response from PHP</title>
    </head>
    <body>
        <?php
        if (isset($_FILES['filedetails']['name'])) { //check the any file is uploaded or not.
            $filename = $_FILES['filedetails']['name']; //store the uploaded file name.
            $filesource = $_FILES['filedetails']['tmp_name']; //store the uploaded file location. In server there have a tmp folder initially where all the uploaded files are store temporarily. So here $filesource store the uploaded file location from tmp folder.
            $filesize = $_FILES['filedetails']['size']; //store uploaded file size in bytes
            $filetype = $_FILES['filedetails']['type']; //store uploaded file type(like: image/jpg, application/pdfetc)
            if ($filetype == "image/png" || $filetype == "image/jpeg" || $filetype == "image/jpg") {
                @mkdir('Files');
                $destination = 'Files/' . $filename;  //set the destination location for uploaded file where all file store permanently in the server.
                copy($filesource, $destination);
                echo 'Uploaded File Details<br/>';
                print_r($_FILES['filedetails']);
            } else {
                echo 'Only upload Image file';
            }
        }
        ?>
    <center>
        <form action="" enctype="MULTIPART/FORM-DATA" method="POST">
            <!--enctype attribute is mandatory for uploading any kind of file and its value is fixed multipart/form-data-->
            <table>
                <tbody>
                    <tr>
                        <td>UPLOAD FILE:</td>
                        <td><input name="filedetails" type="FILE"></td>
                        <!-- input type file is used to upload any kind of file --></tr>
                    <tr>
                        <td colspan="2" align="RIGHT"><input type="SUBMIT" value="UPLOAD"></td>
                    </tr>
                </tbody>
            </table>
        </form>
    </center>
</body>
</html>

<!DOCTYPE html>

<html>

<head>

<title>Getting JSON response from PHP</title>

</head>

<body>

<?php

if (isset($_FILES['filedetails']['name'])) { //check the any file is uploaded or not.

$filename = $_FILES['filedetails']['name']; //store the uploaded file name.

$filesource = $_FILES['filedetails']['tmp_name']; //store the uploaded file location. In server there have a tmp folder initially where all the uploaded files are store temporarily. So here $filesource store the uploaded file location from tmp folder.

$filesize = $_FILES['filedetails']['size']; //store uploaded file size in bytes

$filetype = $_FILES['filedetails']['type']; //store uploaded file type(like: image/jpg, application/pdfetc)

if ($filetype == "image/png" || $filetype == "image/jpeg" || $filetype == "image/jpg") {

@mkdir('Files');

$destination = 'Files/' . $filename; //set the destination location for uploaded file where all file store permanently in the server.

copy($filesource, $destination);

echo 'Uploaded File Details<br/>';

print_r($_FILES['filedetails']);

} else {

echo 'Only upload Image file';

}

<table>

<tbody>

<tr>

<td>UPLOAD FILE:</td>

</tr>

<tr>

</tr>

</tbody>

</table>

</form>

</center>

</body>

</html>

Output:

Explanation:
Upload any kind of file through form need set enctype attribute value with multipart/form-data. It means multi-type file can upload from Form.

Next always use post method in form because get method only sends 1kb data.

Next file value receives always in the server via $_FILES[] global array whatever form method in form, Which has 5 parameters name size type tmp_name and error.

Name index return name value of the uploaded file.
Size index returns size value of the uploaded file in bytes.

Type index return uploaded file type value like image/jpg for jpg extension file, application/pdf for pdf file, application/docx for document file, plain/text for text file etc.

Tmp_name index returns the uploaded file location. In server, there has a tmp folder initially where all the uploaded files are stored temporarily.

Error index return by default 0 otherwise if the size or any other index value return any error then error index return 1 or 2

Want Upload pdf file then only change the condition of above example

    if($filetype == " application/pdf ")

1	if($filetype == " application/pdf ")

Example: How to Download a File in PHP

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
    <head>
        <title>Getting JSON response from PHP</title>
    </head>
    <body>
        <?php
        $filename = 'file.zip';
        @header("Content-type: application/zip");
        @header("Content-Disposition: attachment; filename=$filename");
        echo file_get_contents('c1.rar');
        ?>
    </body>
</html>

<!DOCTYPE html>

<html>

<head>

<title>Getting JSON response from PHP</title>

</head>

<body>

<?php

$filename = 'file.zip';

@header("Content-type: application/zip");

@header("Content-Disposition: attachment; filename=$filename");

echo file_get_contents('c1.rar');

</body>

</html>

Explanation:
Provide file name to download,set its content type.

on calling url it will get downloaded.

PHP File Upload Example

PHP File Upload is a very important topic in PHP.

Build any kind of websites or web application there has must be files.

So want know that how can upload files or retrieve those files and download it (if required).

You should have basic knowledge of Form Handling in PHP for working uploading a file.

Example: How to upload a file in PHP.

For Uploading a file:

Create a HTML form with method POST and enctype="MULTIPART/FORM-DATA"
Inside form create a input type file <input name="filedetails" type="FILE">
Create a submit button to submit form to server.
HTML Form action="" means file handling work is done by this file(upload.php)
In PHP program check any file uploaded or not $_FILES['filedetails']['name']
Get file and its detail on server.
Save file to specified directory on server copy($filesource, $destination);
Show appropriate message to user.

upload.php

<?php
if (isset($_FILES['filedetails']['name'])) { //check the any file is uploaded or not.	 	 
    $filename = $_FILES['filedetails']['name']; //store the uploaded file name.	 	 
    $filesource = $_FILES['filedetails']['tmp_name']; //store the uploaded file location. In server there have a tmp folder initially where all the uploaded files are store temporarily. So here $filesource store the uploaded file location from tmp folder.	 	 
    @mkdir('Files');
    $destination = 'Files/' . $filename; //set the destination location for uploaded file where all file store permanently in the server.	 	 
    if (!file_exists($destination)) {//check the uploaded file is already exists or not	 	 
        copy($filesource, $destination);
        echo 'File uploaded successfully.';
    } else {
        echo 'File is already uploaded. Try another file!';
    }
}
/* move_uploaded_file(file source,file destination) is an another function in PHP to copy uploaded file from tmp folder. Similar to copy() function. */
?>	 	 
<form action="" enctype="MULTIPART/FORM-DATA" method="POST">
    <!--enctype attribute is mandatory for uploading any kind of file and its value is fixed multipart/form-data-->	 	 
    	 
   
    <table>	 	 
        <tbody>	 	 
            <tr>	 	 
                <td>UPLOAD FILE:</td>	 	 
                <td><input name="filedetails" type="FILE"></td>	 	 
            </tr>	 	 
            <tr>	 	 
                <td colspan="2" align="RIGHT"><input type="SUBMIT" value="UPLOAD"></td>	 	 
            </tr>	 	 
        </tbody>	 	 
    </table>	 	 
</form>

<?php

if (isset($_FILES['filedetails']['name'])) { //check the any file is uploaded or not.

$filename = $_FILES['filedetails']['name']; //store the uploaded file name.

@mkdir('Files');

$destination = 'Files/' . $filename; //set the destination location for uploaded file where all file store permanently in the server.

if (!file_exists($destination)) {//check the uploaded file is already exists or not

copy($filesource, $destination);

echo 'File uploaded successfully.';

} else {

echo 'File is already uploaded. Try another file!';

}

/* move_uploaded_file(file source,file destination) is an another function in PHP to copy uploaded file from tmp folder. Similar to copy() function. */

<table>

<tbody>

<tr>

<td>UPLOAD FILE:</td>

</tr>

<tr>

</tr>

</tbody>

</table>

</form>

Showfile.php

<?php
    $handle = opendir('C:\xampp\htdocs\MVT\Array\Files');
    while(false !== ($files = readdir($handle))){
        echo "<a href='Files/$files' download-->".$files."
";
    }
?>

<?php

$handle = opendir('C:\xampp\htdocs\MVT\Array\Files');

while(false !== ($files = readdir($handle))){

echo "<a href='Files/$files' download-->".$files."

}

Note:
Always use form method post for uploading the file, and enctype is mandatory, otherwise, the file doesn’t upload.

PHP File Upload need to set some options. By default uploaded file size is set 2M.

So sometimes file doesn’t upload if the file size is large than 2M.

That’s why set upload_max_filesize= 500M or any large value in the php.ini file (xampp/php/php.ini).

And also modify the post_max_size value in the php.ini file. By default post_max_size is 8M.

Sometimes for this reason also file doesn’t upload if the size is large then 8M instead of upload_max_size is greater than 8M.

So also set post_max_size=500M or any large value in the php.ini file (xampp/php/php.ini).

Any changes in the php.ini file need to restart XAMPP control panel. Stop apache and start again. Then the updated value will be reflected.

PHP for and foreach loop statement

It is used when one knows how many time one need to run the particular loop. It is also of two types:

1. PHP for loop statement

Loop back again and again through specified time duration.

PHP for loop syntax:

for (initialization; condition check; increment/ decrement counter) {
code to be executed;
}

for (initialization; condition check; increment/ decrement counter) {

code to be executed;

}

Example: PHP for loop example

<?php 
for ($a = 0; $a <= 4; $a++) {
   echo "The number is: $a <br/>";
}
?>

<?php

for ($a = 0; $a <= 4; $a++) {

echo "The number is: $a <br/>";

}

Result:

The number is: 0
The number is: 1
The number is: 2
The number is: 3

2. PHP foreach loop statement

For each elements in the array it give result.
It is used to iterate all the elements over array.

PHP foreach loop syntax:

foreach ($array as $value) {
 code to be executed;
 }

foreach ($array as $value) {

code to be executed;

}

Example: PHP foreach loop example

<?php 
$Taxi = array("swift", "alto", "toyoto", "I10"); 

foreach ($Taxi as $value) {
   echo "$value <br/>";
}
?>

<?php

$Taxi = array("swift", "alto", "toyoto", "I10");

foreach ($Taxi as $value) {

echo "$value <br/>";

}

Result:
swift
alto
toyoto
I10

PHP do while loop statement with syntax and example

If specified condition is true, loop through block of code once and then repeat again and again.

Syntax of PHP do while loop:

do {
    code to be executed;
} while (condition);

do {

code to be executed;

} while (condition);

Example:

<?php
$a= 11;
do {
     echo "The number is: $a <br/>";
     $a++;
} while ($a <= 3);
?>

<?php

$a= 11;

do {

echo "The number is: $a <br/>";

$a++;

} while ($a <= 3);

Result:

The number is: 11
The number is: 12
The number is: 13

The number is: 11

The number is: 12

The number is: 13

Do while loop is known as exit control loop because it check the condition at last(on exit).

Do while loop executes at least once when if condition is false.