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Java String Method charAt()
This method takes one integer argument and return a character specified at index position. For any string the index value starts from 0 to string length -1 position. If passed index value not in valid range then it throws IndexOutOfBoundsException.
For example string Hello Friends contains 13 characters starting from 0 to 12 H is first position with index value 0, F is in seventh position with index value 6 and s is in 13 position with index value 12.
Using numbre other then 0 to 12( 0 to length()-1) will result in IndexOutOfBountException
Signature:
public char charAt(int index)
Parameters:
index -Integer index value to get character at specified index position.
Return:
Character at passed index value.
Exception Throws:
IndexOutOfBoundsException If index value in not between 0 to String length()-1
Example
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public class StringChatAtExample { public static void main(String args[]) { String test = "Java String charAt() example"; char firstCharacter = test.charAt(0); char sixthCharacter = test.charAt(5); char lastCharacter = test.charAt(test.length() - 1); System.out.println("String:" + test); System.out.println("Character at first position: " + firstCharacter); System.out.println("Character at sixth position: " + sixthCharacter); System.out.println("Character at last position: " + lastCharacter); } } |
Result
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String:Java String charAt() example Character at first position: J Character at sixth position: S Character at last position: e |
Now Print all characters with its index value
Example
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public class StringChatAtExample1 { public static void main(String args[]) { String test = "Java String charAt() example"; for(int i=0;i<=test.length()-1;i++){ System.out.println("Character at index value "+i+" = "+test.charAt(i)); } } } |
Result
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Character at index value 0 = J Character at index value 1 = a Character at index value 2 = v Character at index value 3 = a Character at index value 4 = Character at index value 5 = S Character at index value 6 = t Character at index value 7 = r Character at index value 8 = i Character at index value 9 = n Character at index value 10 = g Character at index value 11 = Character at index value 12 = c Character at index value 13 = h Character at index value 14 = a Character at index value 15 = r Character at index value 16 = A Character at index value 17 = t Character at index value 18 = ( Character at index value 19 = ) Character at index value 20 = Character at index value 21 = e Character at index value 22 = x Character at index value 23 = a Character at index value 24 = m Character at index value 25 = p Character at index value 26 = l Character at index value 27 = e |
HTML head tag
As we have already seen the structure of html document. The root of the document is html tag then there are two child tags head and body.
Head tag contains meta data of a web page like title, meta,link,base.
Syntax
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<html> <head> . . </head> <body> </body> </html> |
Example
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<html> <head> <title>My First Page</title> </head> <body> Hello How are you. </body> </html> |
HTML Subscript and Superscript tags
To show data in subscript and in superscript format we use <sub>..</sub> and <sup>..</sup> tags.
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X<sup>2</sup>+Y<sup>2</sup> H<sub>2</sub>O |
Example:
Output:
X2+Y2
H2O
HTML Bold Italic & Underline Tags
For creating bold Itelic and Underline text we use following syntax.
We can also use nesting of tags
Example:
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<b>This is a bold text</b> <i>This is a italic text</i> <u>This text is a underline</u> <b><i>This is a bold and italic text</i></b> |
Output:
This is bold text
This is italic text
This text is underline
This is bold and italic text
HTML 5 Document Structure
General Synax of html5 is
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<!DOCTYPE html> <html> <head> <title>.....</title> ... </head> <body> ....... </body> |
<!DOCTYPE html> specifies that this document is html 5 document and you can use all html5 tags here.
<head> specifies that this portion contains heading information of page we can use many other tags here like <title> which is used to specify the title of page and may other.
<body> we put the contents which you would like to display on browser.
Inside body tag we use many different html tags to proper formatting the data.
HTML pre tag
The pre tag is used to display preformatted text in HTML document. pre tag preserves the content structure it can be used to show pre-formated data stored in the database and in another documents and to show computer codes programs to HTML document.
Syntax:
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<pre>... |
Example:
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<!DOCTYPE html> <html> <head> <title> Example of HTML pre tag </title> </head> <body> <pre> This is a pre tag example. This preserves the text strutcture Done!! |