C Programming Archives - Page 2 of 5

Array of pointers in C Programming

January 26, 2023January 24, 2023 by manish

Example: Write a program to assign the address of array elements to pointer variable and print the array element with address.

#include <stdio.h>
 int main ()
 {
  int  arr[] = {10, 20, 30};
  int i, *ptr[3];
 
   	for ( i = 0; i < 3; i++)
 	{
      		ptr[i] = &arr[i];      // assign the address array element to pointer variable
  	 }
   
  	 for ( i = 0; i < 3; i++) 
{
     		 printf("\n Value of arr[%d] = %d", i, *ptr[i] );
      		printf("\n Address of arr[%d] = %d", i, ptr[i] );
  	 }
    return 0;
}

#include <stdio.h>

int main ()

{

int arr[] = {10, 20, 30};

int i, *ptr[3];

for ( i = 0; i < 3; i++)

{

ptr[i] = &arr[i]; // assign the address array element to pointer variable

}

for ( i = 0; i < 3; i++)

{

printf("\n Value of arr[%d] = %d", i, *ptr[i] );

printf("\n Address of arr[%d] = %d", i, ptr[i] );

}

return 0;

}

OUTPUT

Value of arr[0] = 10
 Address of arr[0] = 1392582964
 Value of arr[1] = 20
 Address of arr[1] = 1392582968
 Value of arr[2] = 30
 Address of arr[2] = 1392582972

Value of arr[0] = 10

Address of arr[0] = 1392582964

Value of arr[1] = 20

Address of arr[1] = 1392582968

Value of arr[2] = 30

Address of arr[2] = 1392582972

Functions in C Programming

January 26, 2023January 24, 2023 by manish

In a C programming language a function is a group of statements that together perform a special task. In every C program has at least one function, which is main(). In a C library has a numerous predefined or built-in functions. For example, strcat() to concatenate two strings, main() from where program execution starts. In a C programming … Read more

Matrix Multiplication in C Programming

January 26, 2023January 24, 2023 by manish

Example: Write a program to multiply two matrix. Firstly, ask from user order of matrix( number of rows and column) Then take the elements of matrix from user as a input and print the resultant matrix.

#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
  int m, n, p, q, i, j, k, sum = 0;
  int f[10][10], s[10][10], multiply[10][10];
 
  printf("Enter number of rows and columns of first matrix\n");
  scanf("%d%d", &m, &n);
  printf("Enter elements of first matrix\n");
 
  	for (i = 0; i < m; i++)
    	{	for (j = 0; j < n; j++)
      		{	scanf("%d", &f[i][j]);
 		}
	}
  printf("Enter number of rows and columns of second matrix\n");
  scanf("%d%d", &p, &q);
 
  if (n != p)
{
    printf("The matrices can't be multiplied with each other.\n");
  }
else
  {
    printf("Enter elements of second matrix\n");
 
    	for (i = 0; i < p; i++)
      	{	for (j = 0; j < q; j++)
        		{	scanf("%d", &s[i][j]);
 		}
	}
    
	for (i = 0; i < m; i++)
	 {
      		for (j = 0; j < q; j++) 
		{
        			for (k = 0; k < p; k++) 
			{
          				sum = sum + f[i][k]*s[k][j];
        			}
 		multiply[i][j] = sum;
		sum = 0;
      		}
    	}
 
    printf("Product of the matrices:\n");
 
    	for (i = 0; i < m; i++) 
	{
      		for (j = 0; j < q; j++)
        		{	printf("%d\t", multiply[i][j]);
 		}
      	printf("\n");
    	}
  }
 
  return 0;
}

#include <stdio.h>

int main()

{

int m, n, p, q, i, j, k, sum = 0;

int f[10][10], s[10][10], multiply[10][10];

printf("Enter number of rows and columns of first matrix\n");

scanf("%d%d", &m, &n);

printf("Enter elements of first matrix\n");

for (i = 0; i < m; i++)

{ for (j = 0; j < n; j++)

{ scanf("%d", &f[i][j]);

}

printf("Enter number of rows and columns of second matrix\n");

scanf("%d%d", &p, &q);

if (n != p)

{

printf("The matrices can't be multiplied with each other.\n");

}

else

{

printf("Enter elements of second matrix\n");

for (i = 0; i < p; i++)

{ for (j = 0; j < q; j++)

{ scanf("%d", &s[i][j]);

}

for (i = 0; i < m; i++)

{

for (j = 0; j < q; j++)

{

for (k = 0; k < p; k++)

{

sum = sum + f[i][k]*s[k][j];

}

multiply[i][j] = sum;

sum = 0;

}

printf("Product of the matrices:\n");

for (i = 0; i < m; i++)

{

for (j = 0; j < q; j++)

{ printf("%d\t", multiply[i][j]);

}

printf("\n");

}

return 0;

}

Enter number of rows and columns of first matrix
2
2
Enter elements of first matrix
2
3
4
5
Enter number of rows and columns of second matrix
2
2
Enter elements of second matrix
2
3
4
5
Product of the matrices:
16	21	
28	37

Enter number of rows and columns of first matrix

Enter elements of first matrix

Enter number of rows and columns of second matrix

Enter elements of second matrix

Product of the matrices:

16 21

28 37

NULL Pointers in C Programming

January 26, 2023January 24, 2023 by manish

A pointer that is assigned NULL is called a null pointer. We must initialize NULL pointer during variable declaration. A null pointer refers to pointer variable that does not point to a valid address. Generally NULL pointer is used when you do not have an exact address to be assigned.

#include <stdio.h>
int main () 
{

   int  *ptr = NULL;

   printf("The value of ptr is : %d", ptr  );
 
   return 0;
}

#include <stdio.h>

int main ()

{

int *ptr = NULL;

printf("The value of ptr is : %d", ptr );

return 0;

}

OUTPUT

The value of ptr is : 0

1	The value of ptr is : 0

Call by value and Call by reference in C Programming

January 26, 2023January 24, 2023 by manish

Call by value and Call by reference in C are two ways to pass arguments in a function Lets see above one by one Call by value Whenever we call a function and passes the value of variable to the called function is called call by value.

#include <stdio.h>
void swap(int x, int y);		/* function declaration */

 int main ()
 {
   int a = 10;
   int b = 20;
 
   printf("Value of 'a' before swap=  %d\n", a );
   printf("Value of 'b' before swap=  %d\n", b );
    
   swap(a, b);		// calling a function  swap & passes the value of variable
 
   printf("Value of 'a' after  swap=  %d\n", a );
   printf("Value of 'b' after  swap=  %d\n", b );
 
   return 0;
}

void swap(int x, int y) 		// function definition to swap the values 
{
   int temp;

   temp = x;
   x = y;   
   y = temp; 
  
   return;
}

#include <stdio.h>

void swap(int x, int y); /* function declaration */

int main ()

{

int a = 10;

int b = 20;

printf("Value of 'a' before swap= %d\n", a );

printf("Value of 'b' before swap= %d\n", b );

swap(a, b); // calling a function swap & passes the value of variable

printf("Value of 'a' after swap= %d\n", a );

printf("Value of 'b' after swap= %d\n", b );

return 0;

}

void swap(int x, int y) // function definition to swap the values

{

int temp;

temp = x;

x = y;

y = temp;

return;

}

OUTPUT

Value of 'a' before swap=  10
Value of 'b' before swap=  20
Value of 'a' after  swap=  10
Value of 'b' after  swap=  20

Value of 'a' before swap= 10

Value of 'b' before swap= 20

Value of 'a' after swap= 10

Value of 'b' after swap= 20

Call by reference Whenever we … Read more

Multi-dimensional Array in C Programming

January 26, 2023January 24, 2023 by manish

C programming language also support multidimensional arrays. Syntax of multidimensional array declaration: Data_type array_name[size1][size2]…[sizeN]; For example, if we want to creates a three dimensional integer array − int num[5][10][4]; Two-dimensional Arrays The simplest form of multidimensional array is the two-dimensional array. if we want to declare a two dimensional integer array of size [x][y] ( … Read more

Pointer to Pointer in C Programming

January 26, 2023January 24, 2023 by manish

In C language, a pointer is an address. Normally, a pointer variable contains the address of a another variable. A pointer to a pointer is a chain of pointers. Or Pointer to pointer means one pointer variable holds the address of another pointer variable.

#include<stdio.h>
int main() 
{
   int a=4;
   int *b, **c;
   b = &a;
   c = &b;
   printf("\n Address of a = %d", &a);
   printf("\n Address of a = %d", b);
   printf("\n Address of a = %d", *c);

   printf("\n Address of b = %d", &b);
   printf("\n Address of b = %d", c);

  printf("\n Address of c = %d", &c);

  printf("\n Value of c = %d", c);
  printf("\n Value of c = %d", *(&c));

   printf("\n Value of b = %d", b);
   printf("\n Value of b = %d", *(&b));
   printf("\n Value of b = %d", *c);

   printf("\n Value of a = %d", a);
   printf("\n Value of a = %d", *(&a));
   printf("\n Value of a = %d", *b);
   printf("\n Value of a = %d", **c);

return 0;   
}

#include<stdio.h>

int main()

{

int a=4;

int *b, **c;

b = &a;

c = &b;

printf("\n Address of a = %d", &a);

printf("\n Address of a = %d", b);

printf("\n Address of a = %d", *c);

printf("\n Address of b = %d", &b);

printf("\n Address of b = %d", c);

printf("\n Address of c = %d", &c);

printf("\n Value of c = %d", c);

printf("\n Value of c = %d", *(&c));

printf("\n Value of b = %d", b);

printf("\n Value of b = %d", *(&b));

printf("\n Value of b = %d", *c);

printf("\n Value of a = %d", a);

printf("\n Value of a = %d", *(&a));

printf("\n Value of a = %d", *b);

printf("\n Value of a = %d", **c);

return 0;

}

 Address of a = 2464
 Address of a = 2464
 Address of a = 2464
 Address of b = 2480
 Address of b = 2480
 Address of c = 2490
 Value of c = 2480
 Value of c = 2480
 Value of b = 2464
 Value of b = 2464
 Value of b = 2464
 Value of a = 4
 Value of a = 4
 Value of a = 4
 Value of a = 4

Address of a = 2464

Address of b = 2480

Address of c = 2490

Value of c = 2480

Value of b = 2464

Value of a = 4

Pointers in C Programming

January 26, 2023January 24, 2023 by manish

In programming, variable is used to hole the value & this variable stored in a memory. Each variable has a address to identify where these variables actually stored in a memory. In a C programming language, pointer is a variable which can hold the address of another variable. Accessing Address of Variable In … Read more

Recursion in C Programming

January 26, 2023January 24, 2023 by manish

In C programming language, a function that calls itself is known as a recursive function. And, this technique is called as recursion. Recursive functions are very useful to solve many problems such as Towers of Hanoi (TOH), Inorder/Preorder/Postorder Tree Traversals, DFS of Graph, etc. How recursion works?

 void recurse()
	{
 	   ... .. ...
  	  recurse();
  	  ... .. ...
	}

	int main()
	{
   	 ... .. ...
   	 recurse();
   	 ... .. ...
	}

void recurse()

{

... .. ...

recurse();

... .. ...

}

int main()

{

... .. ...

recurse();

... .. ...

}

Example: Write a program in a C language to … Read more

Union in C Programming

January 26, 2023January 24, 2023 by manish

In C programming language, union is a special user defined data type that allows to store different data types in the same memory location. “union” uses the same memory location for multiple-purpose. Or In a union data type, single variable, i.e., same memory location, can be used to store multiple types of data. In c programming … Read more